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$gcc -save-temps -v [... rest of your command line ...]@H_801_16@这将打印出所有中间命令,例如内部collect2和final ld,并确保传递给这些命令的对象即使在命令完成后仍将保留在磁盘上. @H_801_16@然后,您应该能够单独运行命令以找到最差的阶段,然后使用不同的选项或分析运行它. @H_801_16@例如,
$echo 'int main() {}' > test.c $gcc -save-temps -v test.c Using built-in specs. Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Configured with: /var/tmp/paludis/sys-devel-gcc-4.3.3-r2/work/gcc-4.3.3/configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/gcc-bin/4.3.3 --includedir=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include --datadir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 --mandir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/man --infodir=/usr/share/gcc-data/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/info --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include/g++-v4 --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --disable-altivec --disable-fixed-point --enable-nls --without-included-gettext --with-system-zlib --disable-checking --disable-werror --enable-secureplt --enable-multilib --enable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --enable-libgomp --enable-cld --disable-libgcj --enable-objc-gc --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,Obj-C++,treelang,fortran --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-clocale=gnu --with-bugurl=http://bugs.gentoo.org/ --with-pkgversion='Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1,pie-10.1.5' Thread model: posix gcc version 4.3.3 (Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1,pie-10.1.5) COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic' /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/cc1 -E -quiet -v test.c -D_FORTIFY_sourcE=2 -mtune=generic -fpch-preprocess -o test.i ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include" ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/include" #include "..." search starts here: #include search starts here: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/include-fixed /usr/include End of search list. COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic' /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/cc1 -fpreprocessed test.i -quiet -dumpbase test.c -mtune=generic -auxbase test -version -o test.s GNU C (Gentoo 4.3.3-r2 p1.1,pie-10.1.5) version 4.3.3 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) compiled by GNU C version 4.3.3,GMP version 4.2.4,MPFR version 2.4.1-p5. warning: GMP header version 4.2.4 differs from library version 4.3.1. GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072 Compiler executable checksum: 20f3dbffbfd03e5311a257ae1239cd71 COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic' /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/as -V -Qy -o test.o test.s GNU assembler version 2.19.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1 COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/:/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/../lib64/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/ COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-save-temps' '-v' '-mtune=generic' /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o $ls a.out test.c test.i test.o test.s $/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/collect2 --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o $.../collect2 -v ... collect2 version 4.3.3 (x86-64 Linux/ELF) /usr/bin/ld -v --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64 -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../.. test.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/4.3.3/../../../../lib64/crtn.o GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1 $@H_801_16@如果您需要帮助构建ld的调试版本,这里有一个快速的方法来帮助您.
$sudo apt-get install build-essential dpkg-dev $sudo apt-get build-dep binutils $apt-get source binutils $cd binutils-* $DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS='debug noopt noStrip' dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us $cd .. $sudo dpkg -i *.deb@H_801_16@但是,我建议使用schroot或sbuild来避免污染您自己的系统,而不是快速入侵.
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