Python3.9全部73个内置函数说明

1. all([True,True])==True
2. all([True, false])==false
3. all((True,[True]))==True
4. all(((false),TruE))==false

1. any([True,false])==True
2. any((false,falsE))==false
3. any([(true),false])==True
4. any([false,(false)])==false
5. any(((false),[True]))==True

ascii(X)

1. ascii('123中国')=="'123\u4e2d\u56fd'"
2. ascii('abctxyz')=="'abc\txyz'"
3. len(ascii('abc'))==5
4. ascii(123.456)=="123.456"
5. ascii(3>2) == "True"

bin(X)

1. bin(12)=='0b1100'
2. bin(64)=='0b1000000'
3. bin(0xAB)=='0b10101011'

bool(X)

1. bool(0)==false
2. bool(-1.23)==True
3. bool('abc')==True
4. bool('false')==True
5. bool('')==false
6. bool([])==false
7. bool([0])==True
8. bool({})==false
9. bool((0))==false
10. bool((0,))==True

breakpoint(*args, **kwargs)

bytearray(x, eC)

bytearray('abc中国', 'utf-8')==b'abcxe4xb8xadxe5x9bxbd'

bytes(x, eC)

b'abcxe4xb8xadxe5x9bxbd'

callable(X)

1. callable(123)==false
2. callable(abs)==True
3. callabel(lambda: 12)==True

chr(X)

1. chr(65)=='A'
2. chr(0x4e2d)=='中'

classmethod(funC)

class ABC:

        @classmethod

        def mm(cls, p1, p2):

                print(cls, p1, p2) 

ABC.mm(p1=123, p2=456)

ss = compile( 
    'a=3+4nprint(a)', 
    'error.txt', 'exec')
exec(ss)  # 打印7

complex(X)

copyright()

credits()

credits()

delattr(x, Name)

Dict(X)

Dict((('a', 123), ('b', 456))) == 

               {'a':123, 'b': 456}

1. dir()
2. dir(abs)
3. dir(str)
4. dir(123)
5. dir(true)
6. dir(numpy)

divmod(x, y)

enumerate(X)

for i, e in enumerate([10, 11, 12]):

        print(i, E)

eval(x, globals=None, locals=NonE)

1. eval('1+2+3')==6
2. eval('a+6', {'a': 10}) == 16

exec(x, globals=None, locals=NonE)

1. exec('a = 1nprint(a)')  # 打印
2. exec('for e in ls:ntprint(e+a)', {'ls':[1, 2]}, {'a':10})   # 打印11和12

exit(X)

以错误码x退出Python环境࿰c;0表示没有错误

filter(func, xs)

filter(lambda a: a>3, [1,5,2,7]等价于(5,7)

float(X)

1. float(3)==3.0
2. float('123.45')==123.45
3. float(true)==1.0

format(obj, spec='')

frozenset(xs)

frozenset类型࿰c;frozenset与set的不同仅在于前者不能增加或者删除元素

getattr(obj, Name)

globals()

hasattr(obj, Name)

hash(obj)

hex(X)

1. hex(123)=='0x7b'
2. hex(789)=='0x315'

id(X)

1. id('abc')==140591343332848
2. id(true)==4332063440
3. id(123)==140591322433712
4. id(['a', 'b'])==140591347517376

input(prompt)

int(X)

1. int('123')==123
2. int(true)==1
3. int(3.6)==3
4. int(-3.6)==-3

isinstance(obj, t)

1. isinstance(123, int)==True
2. isinstance('abc', str)==True
3. isinstance(True, (str, bool, int))==True

issubclass(t1, t2)

1. issubclass(float, int)==false
2. issubclass(int, float)==false

iter(obj)

调用obj.__iter__()以获得一个迭代器(Iterator)。迭代器是这样一种对象࿰c;它的.__next__()函数被重定义了࿰c;因此可以用next()函数调用。生成器(Generator)就是一种迭代器。所有序列对象的.__iter__()已经被重定义

a = [11, 'abc']
a = iter(a)
print(next(a)) # 打印11
print(next(a)) # 打印abc
print(next(a)) #StopIteration

len(xs)

class A:
    def __len__(self):
        return 123
print(len(A()))  # 打印123

license()

list(X)

1. list((1, 2, 3))==[1, 2, 3]
2. list({1, 2, 3})==[1, 2, 3]
3. list({'a':1, 'b':2})==['a', 'b']

locals()

@H_601_256@map(lambda a, b: a+b, [1, 2, 3], (10, 20 ,30))等价于(11, 22, 33)

@H_732_36@max([1, 9, 7, 12]) == 12@H_732_36@max(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])=='c'@H_732_36@max(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=lambda a: len(a)) == 'aaa'

@H_732_36@max(1, 9, 7, 12) == 12@H_732_36@max('aaa', 'bb', 'c')=='c'@H_732_36@max('aaa', 'bb', 'c', key=lambda a: len(a)) == 'aaa'

@H_732_36@memoryview(b'abc')等价于(97, 98, 99)

@H_732_36@min([1, 9, 7, 12]) == 1@H_732_36@min(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])=='aaa'@H_732_36@min(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=lambda a: len(a)) == 'c'

@H_732_36@min(1, 9, 7, 12) == 1@H_732_36@min('aaa', 'bb', 'c')=='aaa'@H_732_36@min('aaa', 'bb', 'c', key=lambda a: len(a)) == 'c'

next(obj)

next(iter([1, 2, 3]))==1

object

oct(X)

1. oct(12)=='0o14'
2. oct(64)=='0o100'
3. oct(0xAB)=='0o253'

open(path, mode='R', buffering=-1, encoding=NonE)

1. ord('A')==65
2. ord('a')==97
3. ord('0')==48
4. ord('中')==20013

class A:

        @property

        def mm(self):

                pass

a = A()

print(a.mm)

quit(code=0)

range(n)

repr(obj)

reversed(xs)

1. round(3.5)==4
2. round(-3.5)=-4
3. round(1.2345, 2)==1.23
4. round(1234.5, -2)==1200.0

1. set()=={}
2. set([1, 3, 2, 3]) == {1, 2, 3}
3. set({'a':1, 'b': 2})=={'b', 'A'}

setattr(obj, name, value)

slice(start, end, step=1)

a=slice(1, 9, 2)

b=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

b[a]==[2, 4, 6, 8]

staticmethod()

1. str(123)=='123'
2. str(123.456)=='123.456'
3. str(true)=='True'
4. str([1,2,3])=='[1, 2, 3]'
5. str({1, 2, 3})=='{1, 2, 3}'
6. str((1))=='1'
7. str((1,))=='(1,)'
8. str({'a': 1, 'b': 2})=="{'a': 1, 'b': 2}"

super(cls, obj)

tuple(iterablE)

type(obj)

vars(obj==NonE)