CentOS6.9上安装cobbler2.6实现自动化安装Linux系统

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概述

CentOS6.9上安装cobbler2.6实现自动化安装Linux系统 cobbler可以批量部署Linux系统，并实现无人值守安装。 cobbler依赖的服务：dhcp，tftp，http，pxe，kickstart 服务对应的端口号为dhcp--67,68;tftp--69;http--80;cobbler--25151 1.环境准备：最小化安装centos6.9mini，配置固定IP和本地 @H_489_13@

CentOS6.9上安装cobbler2.6实现自动化安装Linux系统

cobbler可以批量部署Linux系统，并实现无人值守安装。

cobbler依赖的服务：dhcp，tftp，http，pxe，kickstart

服务对应的端口号为dhcp--67,68;tftp--69;http--80;cobbler--25151

1.环境准备：最小化安装centos6.9mini，配置固定IP和本地yum源，关闭防火墙和selinux

iptables -F

setenforce 0

chkconfig iptables off

vi /etc/selinux/config 更改为permissive

2.设置yum源和epel源

这里使用本地光盘作为yum源，也可以使用阿里源，如下

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

cobbler安装需要使用epel源，这里使用阿里的epel源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

3.安装对应上述服务的软件包

yum install -y cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart httpd dhcp tftp-server syslinux

cobbler #cobbler程序包

cobbler-web #cobbler的web服务包

pykickstart #cobbler检查kickstart语法错误

httpd #Apache web服务

dhcp #dhcp服务

tftp-server #tftp服务

syslinux#pxe相关文件，如pxelinux.0

4.编辑cobbler的配置文件

vi /etc/cobbler/setTings 更改如下参数：

default_kickstart: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks

default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."

@H_203_14@manage_dhcp: 1

@H_203_14@manage_tftpd: 1

next_server: 192.168.10.24

server: 192.168.10.24

更改default_password默认密码，即设置root密码，格式为$1即md5加密，可以通过OpenSSL命令生成，如下：

openssl passwd -1 �Csalt centos

输入密码，如redhat

5.cobbler配置检查，根据说明逐步更改设置，设置过的选项可以忽略

[root@c69 ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/setTings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarTing features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional,the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/setTings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1,and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:

https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux

4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

5 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them,or,if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooTing,you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory,should you want to support all architectures,should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32,elilo.efi,and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

6 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

7 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist

8 : since iptables may be running,ensure 69,80/443,and 25151 are unblocked

9 : debmirror package is not installed,it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

10 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/setTings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed,try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

11 : fencing tools were not found,and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

如果不安装Debian系统也可以忽略9.debmirror...错误；

由于网络问题无法通过cobbler get-loaders命令下载文件的话，可以直接复制本机的文件。（这一步也可以省略，使用CObbler sync命令会自动执行如下的复制操作）

cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/

重启cobblerd服务并执行同步操作

service cobblerd restart

cobbler sync

提示错误:2.service dhcpd is not running

6.配置dhcp服务，更改cobbler自带的dhcp模板文件，更改subnet地址网段和地址范围

vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.10.100 192.168.10.254;

再次重启cobbler服务并执行sync同步操作，cobbler会自动同步dhcp配置

重启dhcpd服务，启动xinetd服务

service dhcpd restart

service xinetd start

7.设置服务开机启动

cobbler默认已设置开机启动，需设置httpd和dhcpd服务开机启动

chkconfig dhcpd on

chkconfig httpd on

检查所有服务是否正常启动，端口67,69,80,25151

netstat -tuanlp

或ss -tunlp

8.导入安装文件

导入安装光盘文件，因为要完全复制光盘文件，需要等待一段时间

cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=centos6.9mini --arch=x86_64

ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos6.9mini-x86_64

更换光盘，导入centos6.9的安装光盘文件

cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=centos7.3mini --arch=x86_64

ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.3mini-x86_64

导入成功后查询名称

cobbler list

distros:

centos6.9mini-x86_64

centos7.3mini-x86_64

profiles:

centos6.9mini-x86_64

centos7.3mini-x86_64

查看详细信息

cobbler distro report --name centos6.9mini-x86_64

cobbler profile report --name centos6.9mini-x86_64

导入成功后cobbler会自动生成ks文件和menu启动菜单文件，默认最小化安装系统。

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

如果导入的是mini安装光盘，则需要更改ks文件一个参数，即%packages后边添加--nobase

vi /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

%packages --nobase

9.添加自定义的ks配置文件

更改自己的ks配置文件参数，更改url --url=$tree

增加配置文件，即启动菜单项，并指定自定义的ks文件

cobbler profile add --name=centos6.9-custom --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks-69mini.ks --distro=centos6.9mini-x86_64

查看新增菜单项

cobbler profile list

centos6.9-custom

centos6.9mini-x86_64

centos7.3mini-x86_64

删除启动菜单项

cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.3-x86_64

至此所有cobbler配置已完成，可以新建一个虚拟机测试网络无人值守安装Linux系统。