大佬教程收集整理的这篇文章主要介绍了fdisk分区命令,大佬教程大佬觉得挺不错的,现在分享给大家,也给大家做个参考。
fdisk是Linux系统中最常用的分区工具,通过这个命令也可以查看系统中所有可用的分区,但是这个命令只@L_1000_0@mBR的分区表(这句话应该只对某些系统,CentOS7-1810适用,Debian9.5和openSUSE15应该已经支持GPT分区表,下面对fdisk的操作都是在Debian9.5下操作),所以这个命令不能对大于2T的硬盘进行分区,大于2T的硬盘我们需要用GPT分区表来进行分区,GPT分区我们就要用gdisk或parted分区工具来进行分区。@H_944_20@
Linux 内核是如何理解硬盘的?@H_944_20@
作为人类,我们可以很轻松地理解一些事情;但是电脑就不是这样了,它们需要合适的命名才能理解这些。@H_944_20@
在 Linux 中,外围设备都位于 /dev 挂载点,内核通过以下的方式理解硬盘:@H_944_20@
/dev/hdX[a-z]: IDE 硬盘被命名为 hdX@H_944_20@
/dev/sdX[a-z]: SCSI 硬盘被命名为 sdX@H_944_20@
/dev/xdX[a-z]: XT 硬盘被命名为 xdX@H_944_20@
/dev/vdX[a-z]: 虚拟硬盘被命名为 vdX@H_944_20@
/dev/fdN: 软盘被命名为 fdN@H_944_20@
/dev/scdN or /dev/srN: CD-ROM 被命名为 /dev/scdN 或 /dev/srN@H_944_20@
fdisk [-l] 设备名@H_944_20@
参数@H_944_20@
-l :显示指定磁盘设备的分区表信息,如果没有指定磁盘设备,则显示/proc/partitions 文件中的信息,也就是系统中所有的磁盘设备。@H_944_20@
举例:@H_944_20@
-----------------------------------------------------------@H_944_20@
[email protected]:~# fdisk -l #没有指定任何磁盘设备@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB,21474836480 bytes,41943040 sectors #第一块磁盘/dev/sda容量20G@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos #分区表的类型为MBR (dos表示MBR分区表,gpt表示GPT分区表)@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xefdc905c@H_944_20@
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type #磁盘/dev/sda下的分区@H_944_20@
/dev/sda1 * 2048 37748735 377466881 8G 83 Linux@H_944_20@
/dev/sda2 37750782 41940991 4190210 2G 5 Extended@H_944_20@
/dev/sda5 37750784 41940991 4190208 2G 82 Linux swap / Solaris@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,5368709120 bytes,10485760 sectors #第二块磁盘/dev/sdb容量5G@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
[email protected]:~# @H_944_20@
-----------------------------------------------------------@H_944_20@
使用 "fdisk -l" 查看分区信息,不同的发行版可能显示的信息不同,通过上面的信息能够看到我们添加的两块硬盘(/dev/sda 和 /dev/sdb)的信息。我们解释一下这些信息,其上半部分是硬盘的整体状态,/dev/sda 硬盘的总大小是20GB等信息。@H_944_20@
信息的下半部分是分区的信息,共 7 列,含义如下:@H_944_20@
Device:分区的设备文件名。@H_944_20@
Boot:是否为启动引导分区,在这里 /dev/sda1 为启动引导分区。@H_944_20@
Start:起始柱面,代@R_801_11185@从哪里开始。@H_944_20@
End:终止柱面,代@R_801_11185@到哪里结束。@H_944_20@
Sectors:分区的大小,单位是扇区。@H_944_20@
Size:分区的容量@H_944_20@
id:分区内文件系统的 ID。@H_944_20@
Type:分区的文件系统是什么。@H_944_20@
二、fdisk交互模式磁盘分区@H_944_20@
通过命令“fdisk 设备文件名” 就可以进入fdisk程序的交互模式,在交互模式中可以通过输入fdisk程序所提供的指令完成相应的操作,举例如下@H_944_20@
-----------------------------------------------------------@H_944_20@
[email protected]:~# fdisk /dev/sdb@H_944_20@
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).@H_944_20@
Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them.@H_944_20@
Be careful before using the write command.@H_944_20@
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.@H_944_20@
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe3779e93.@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): m #输入m可以获得帮助信息@H_944_20@
DOS (MBR)@H_944_20@
a toggle a bootable flag #设置可引导标记@H_944_20@
b edit nested BSD disklabel #编辑 bsd 磁盘标签@H_944_20@
c toggle the dos compatibility flag #设置 DOS 操作系统兼容标记@H_944_20@
G eneric@H_944_20@
d delete a partition #删除一个分区@H_944_20@
F list free unpartitioned space #列出空闲的未分区空间@H_944_20@
l list kNown partition types #显示已知的分区类型。82 为 Linux swap 分区,83 为 Linux 分区@H_944_20@
n add a new partition # 新建分区@H_944_20@
p print the partition table #显示当前磁盘的分区列表@H_944_20@
t change a partition type #改变分区类型@H_944_20@
v verify the partition table #验证分区表@H_944_20@
i print information about a partition #打印有关分区的信息@H_944_20@
Misc@H_944_20@
m print this menu #显示帮助菜单@H_944_20@
u change display/entry units #改变显示记录单位@H_944_20@
x extra functionality (experts only) #附加功能(仅专家)@H_944_20@
Script@H_944_20@
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file #从sfdisk脚本文件加载磁盘布局@H_944_20@
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file #将磁盘布局转储到sfdisk脚本文件@H_944_20@
Save & Exit@H_944_20@
w write table to disk and exit #保存退出@H_944_20@
q quit without saving changes #不保存退出@H_944_20@
Create a new label@H_944_20@
g create a new empty GPT partition table #新建空白GPT分区表,这个应该就表明fdisk已经支持GPT,还需要进一步的认证。@H_944_20@
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table #新建空白IRIX分区表@H_944_20@
o create a new empty DOS partition table #新建空白DOS分区表@H_944_20@
s create a new empty Sun partition table #新建空白SUN磁盘标签@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): @H_944_20@
-----------------------------------------------------------@H_944_20@
三、分区管理@H_944_20@
1、新建主分区@H_944_20@
[email protected]:~# fdisk /dev/sdb #要新建分区的磁盘/dev/sdb不要加数字加数字就变成了分区@H_944_20@
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).@H_944_20@
Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them.@H_944_20@
Be careful before using the write command.@H_944_20@
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.@H_944_20@
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd9b1702f.@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): n #输入n新建分区,默认直接创建MBR分区表@H_944_20@
Partition type@H_944_20@
p priMary (0 priMary,0 extended,4 freE) #主分区@H_944_20@
e extended (container for logical partitions) #扩展分区@H_944_20@
SELEct (default p): p #输入p新建主分区@H_944_20@
Partition number (1-4,default 1): #输入分区号,直接回车就行,默认为1@H_944_20@
First sector (2048-10485759,default 2048): #输入起始扇区,直接回车就行,默认2048最前面开始 @H_944_20@
Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759,default 10485759): +1G #这里输入新增分区的大小可以通过扇区数来增加,也可以通过+size{K,P}方式来增加,这里要增加1G的容量就表示为+1G @H_944_20@
Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux‘ and of size 1 GiB. #提示创建了1G的分区@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p #输入p查看创建的分区@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos #分区表类型为MBR@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xd9b1702f@H_944_20@
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux@H_944_20@
2、剩余可用的空间@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): F #输入F查看剩余可用的空间@H_944_20@
Unpartitioned space /dev/sdb: 4 GiB,4293918720 bytes,8386560 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Start End Sectors Size@H_944_20@
2099200 10485759 8386560 4G #可以看到可用空间为4G@H_944_20@
3、创建扩展分区及逻辑分区@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): n #输入n继续创建分区@H_944_20@
Partition type@H_944_20@
p priMary (1 priMary,3 freE)@H_944_20@
e extended (container for logical partitions)@H_944_20@
SELEct (default p): e #输入e创建扩展分区@H_944_20@
Partition number (2-4,default 2): #输入扩展分区号,直接回车就可以@H_944_20@
First sector (2099200-10485759,default 2099200): #输入起始扇区数,直接回车就可以@H_944_20@
Last sector,P} (2099200-10485759,default 10485759): +2G #增加2G的容量@H_944_20@
Created a new partition 2 of type ‘Extended‘ and of size 2 GiB. #创建扩展分区成功@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): n #输入n继续创建分区@H_944_20@
Partition type@H_944_20@
p priMary (1 priMary,1 extended,2 freE)@H_944_20@
l logical (numbered from 5) #只有创建了扩展分区才会有这个选项@H_944_20@
SELEct (default p): l #输入l创建逻辑分区@H_944_20@
Adding logical partition 5 #扩展分区号从5开始@H_944_20@
First sector (2101248-6293503,default 2101248): @H_944_20@
Last sector,P} (2101248-6293503,default 6293503): +1G@H_944_20@
Created a new partition 5 of type ‘Linux‘ and of size 1 GiB.@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xd9b1702f@H_944_20@
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux #主分区@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb2 2099200 6293503 4194304 2G 5 Extended #扩展分区@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb5 2101248 4198399 2097152 1G 83 Linux #逻辑分区@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): d #删除分区@H_944_20@
Partition number (1,2,5,default 5): 2 #删除扩增分区2,上面的逻辑分区也会一同删除@H_944_20@
Partition 2 has been deleted.@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xd9b1702f@H_944_20@
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): @H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): l #查看可用分区类型@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): t #输入n更改分区类型@H_944_20@
Partition number (1,default 5): 5 #更改分区5的类型@H_944_20@
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e #输入更改分区类型为8e,这里输入l也可以查看分区的类型@H_944_20@
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘. #提示更改成功@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p @H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xd9b1702f@H_944_20@
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb2 2099200 6293503 4194304 2G 5 Extended@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb5 2101248 4198399 2097152 1G 8e Linux LVM #更改后的分区类型@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): @H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): w #输入w保存配置,如果不想保存可以输入q退出@H_944_20@
The partition table has been altered.@H_944_20@
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.@H_944_20@
Syncing disks.@H_944_20@
使用w指令保存后,则在fdisk中所做的所有操作都会生效,且不可回退。如果分区表正忙,则需要重启机器后才能使新的分区表生效。@H_944_20@
四、新建GPT分区@H_944_20@
不是所有的发行版带的fdisk都支持GPT分区这里请注意
1、新建分区
Command (m for Help): p@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: dos #现在的分区类型为MBR@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 0xd9b1702f@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): g #输入g创建GPT分区@H_944_20@
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 8C0F4613-2830-40E1-8D23-596D1B7F5DDB).@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): n #新建分区@H_944_20@
Partition number (1-128,default 1): #可以看到这里没有扩展分区的概念了@H_944_20@
First sector (2048-10485726,default 2048): @H_944_20@
Last sector,P} (2048-10485726,default 10485726): +1G@H_944_20@
Created a new partition 1 of type ‘Linux filesystem‘ and of size 1 GiB.@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p@H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: gpt@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 8C0F4613-2830-40E1-8D23-596D1B7F5DDB@H_944_20@
Device Start End Sectors Size Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G Linux filesystem #成功创建了一个主分区@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): @H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): l #查看分区的类型,GPT下同样的分区类型对应的编号不同了,这里要注意@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): t #输入t更改分区类型,这里输入l也可以查看分区的类型@H_944_20@
Partition number (1,default 2): 2 #输入要更改的分区@H_944_20@
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 31 #输入分区类型的编号 @H_944_20@
Changed type of partition ‘Linux filesystem‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘. #更改分区类型成功@H_944_20@
Command (m for Help): p @H_944_20@
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB,10485760 sectors@H_944_20@
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes@H_944_20@
Disklabel type: gpt@H_944_20@
Disk identifier: 836D334F-D0EE-4AD3-8581-EC9ABFF31F50@H_944_20@
Device Start End Sectors Size Type@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G Linux filesystem@H_944_20@
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G Linux LVM #分区类型为已经更改@H_944_20@
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