Oracle
发布时间:2019-11-05 发布网站:大佬教程 code.js-code.com
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在日常工作中;经常会遇到这样的需求:
- Oracle 数据表跟文本或者文件格式进行交互;即将指定文件内容导入对应的 Oracle 数据表中;或者从 Oracle 数据表导出。
- 其他数据库中的表跟Oracle数据库进行交互。
若是少量数据;可选择的解决方案有很多。常用的用 pl/sqL developer工具,或者手动转换为 INSERT 语句,或者通过API。但数据量大;用上面的方法效率太烂了。本文来说说 Oracle 数据的加载和卸载。
一. Oracle 中的 dblink
在日常工作中;会遇到不同的数据库进行数据对接;每个数据库都有着功能;像Oracle有 dblink ; POSTGReSQL有外部表。
CREATE [PUBLIC] DATABASE LINK link
CONNECT TO username
IDENTIFIED BY password
USING 'connectString'
1.2 Oracle To Mysql
在Oracle配置mysql数据库的dblink
二.Oracle加载数据-外部表
OracLE外部表用来存取数据库以外的文本文件(Text File)或OracLE专属格式文件。因此,建立外部表时不会产生段、区、数据块等存储结构,只有与表相关的定义放在数据字典中。外部表,顾名思义,存储在数据库外面的表。当存取时才能从OracLE专属格式文件中取得数据,外部表仅供查询,不能对外部表的内容进行修改(INSERT、updatE、deletE操作)。不能对外部表建立索引。
2.1 创建外部表需要的目录
create or
replace directory DUMP_DIR as '/data/ora_ext_lottu';
Directory created.
# 给用户授予指定目录的操作权限
SQL> GRANT READ,
write on directory DUMP_DIR TO lottu;
Grant succeeded.
2.2 外部表源文件lottu.txt
TinG,NEW YORK
20,RESEARCH,DALLAS
30,
SALES,CHICAGO
40,OPERATIONS,BOSTON
2.3 创建外部表
drop table dept_external purge;
create table dept_external (
deptno numbER(6),dNAME VARCHAR2(20),loc VARCHAR2(25)
)
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
(TYPE Oracle_loader
DEFAULT DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
RECORDS DELIMITED BY newline
BADFILE 'lottu.bad'
LOGFILE 'lottu.log'
FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(
deptno IntegeR EXTERNAL(6),dname CHAR(20),loc CHAR(25)
)
)
LOCATION ('lottu.txt')
)
REjeCT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
查看数据
SELEct * from dept_external;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
10 ACCOUNTinG NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
三. Oracle加载数据-sqlldr工具
3.1 准备实验对象
创建文件lottu.txt;和表tbl_load_01。
3.2 创建控制文件lottu.ctl
Oracle/lottu.txt'
truncat
E into table tbl_load_01
fields terminated by ','
Trailing nullcols
optionally enclosed by ' '
TraiLING NULLCOLS
(
id,name,accountid
)
Oracle@
Oracle235 ~]$ sqlldr 'lottu/"li0924"' control=/home/
Oracle/lottu.ctl log=/home/
Oracle/lottu.log bad=/home/
Oracle/lottu
.bad
SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 13 23
:10
:12 2018
Copyright (
C) 1982,2011,
Oracle and/or its affiliate
s. All rights reserved.
Commit point reached - logical record count 64
Commit point reached - logical record count 128
Commit point reached - logical record count 192
Commit point reached - logical record count 256
Commit point reached - logical record count 320
Commit point reached - logical record count 384
Commit point reached - logical record count 448
Commit point reached - logical record count 512
Commit point reached - logical record count 576
Commit point reached - logical record count 640
Commit point reached - logical record count 704
Commit point reached - logical record count 768
Commit point reached - logical record count 832
Commit point reached - logical record count 896
Commit point reached - logical record count 960
Commit point reached - logical record count 1000
四.Oracle卸载数据-sqludr
sqludr是将Oracle数据表导出到文本中;是牛人楼方鑫开发的。并非Oracle自带工具;需要下载安装才能使用。
4.1 sqludr安装
Oracle@
Oracle235 ~]$ unzip sqluldr2linux64.zip
Archive: sqluldr2linux64.zip
infla
Ting: sqluldr2linux64
.bin
[
Oracle@
Oracle235 ~]$ mv sqluldr2linux64
.bin $
OracLE_HOME/bin/sqludr
4.2 查看sqludr帮助
Oracle@
Oracle235 ~]$ sqludr -?
SQL*UnLoader: Fast
Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP,Parallel),Release 4.0.1
(@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQ
l.net) 2004 - 2010,all rights reserved.
License: Free for non-commercial useage,else 100 USD per server.
Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
user = username/
password@
tnsname
sql = SQL file name
query =
SELEct statement
field = separator
String @R_
696_7000@n fields
record = separator
String @R_
696_7000@n records
rows = print progress for every given rows (default,1000000)
file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt)
log = log file name,prefix with + to append mode
fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES)
text = output type (MYSQL,CSV,MYSQLINS,
OracLEINS,FORM,SEARCH).
charset = character set name of the target database.
ncharset= national character set name of the target database.
parfile = read command option from parameter file
for field and record,you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,\r
=0x0d \n
=0x0a |
=0x7c,
=0x2c,\t
=0x09,:
=0x3a,#
=0x23,"
=0x22 '
=0x27
Oracle@
Oracle235 ~]$ sqludr lottu/li0924 query="tbl_load_01" file=lottu01.txt field=","
0 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23
:47:55,size 0 MB.
1000 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23
:47:55,size 0 MB.
output file lottu01.txt closed at 1000 rows,size 0 MB.
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